The "idea of historical evolution" is one of the fundamental components of modern thought, interpreting human history as a linear, continuous, and progressive process, and considering modern science and technology as the ultimate goal of this trajectory. This conception, originating in Enlightenment rationality and modern philosophy of history, has gradually become a dominant and universal narrative. The main problem of this research is to analyze the philosophical foundations of this idea and to explain the critique leveled against it by Reza Davari Ardakani. Adopting an analytical-interpretive approach and focusing on Davari Ardakani's works, this study shows that from his perspective, the evolutionist narrative of history is not an objective and transcendental truth, but rather a construct within the rationality of modernity (تجدد), closely tied to the idea of human self-foundation. In this framework, history is reduced to a coercive and predetermined path, while fundamental ruptures, the diversity of historical worlds, and alternative possibilities of being are marginalized. In his critique of this conception, by proposing the concept of "historical rupture" and emphasizing the cyclical nature of history, Davari challenges the linear and evolution-centric narrative, demonstrating that human history is not the continuation of a single path, but rather the scene of the emergence and decline of distinct meaning-worlds. The research findings indicate that Davari's aim in this critique is not to reject modernity and its achievements, but to achieve a kind of authentic historical self-awareness; a self-awareness that makes it possible to establish a conscious, critical, and responsible relationship with the modern world. Accordingly, critiquing the idea of historical evolution is considered a prerequisite for opening new horizons to understand the current situation and to think about future possibilities in societies such as Iran.