Comparative study of Islamic and non-Islamic thinkers
hossein mehrabanifar; Mohammad Reza Ghaeminik
Abstract
As one of the main foci of the development of the modern western world, the city has attracted the attention of western thinkers such as Max Weber, Karl Marx and Georg Simmel. On the other hand, in the Islamic-Iranian tradition, there has been an understanding of the city under Madinah which has caused ...
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As one of the main foci of the development of the modern western world, the city has attracted the attention of western thinkers such as Max Weber, Karl Marx and Georg Simmel. On the other hand, in the Islamic-Iranian tradition, there has been an understanding of the city under Madinah which has caused the theological reflections on the city to become a wide field when Muslims face the Western world. The purpose of this article is to use the comparative-historical study method to show the pattern of Muslim scholars such as Abu Nasr al-Farabi in the confrontation with the Greek Polis and use it in today's confrontation with modern city ideas. For this purpose, we have firstly examined Farabi's critical encounter with the Greek Polis and secondly compared Farabi's idea with Georg Simmel's view. With a critical description, Georg Simmel describes the characteristics of modern city culture and life and explains its components such as the centrality of monetary economy, increasing individuality and alienation, and the like. In the conclusion, according to the insights of this comparative study, other researchable topics in this field have been pointed out regarding the situation of Islamic-Iranian cities in the face of modern cities.
Comparative study of Islamic and non-Islamic thinkers
Mohammad Hossein Norouzi; Javad NazariMoghaddam
Abstract
How the reciprocal rights and responsibilities of citizens and the government are one of the most essential topics in the social sciences and politics, particularly in contemporary societies. Parallel to the transformation of political and social structures in societies and the emergence of the modern ...
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How the reciprocal rights and responsibilities of citizens and the government are one of the most essential topics in the social sciences and politics, particularly in contemporary societies. Parallel to the transformation of political and social structures in societies and the emergence of the modern government, the concept of citizenship and the role of the citizen as one of the most crucial social elements in the modern society, as well as the political and social rights and reciprocal responsibilities of the government and citizens, became the focus of social scientists and political philosophers. In this regard, we will analyze the issue of citizenship from the perspectives of Alasdair MacIntyre and John Rawls as representatives of the two approaches, collectivism and liberalism, and compare Farabi's views to these. Farabi's formulation of relations draws people from Medina with the concept of “Ahal al-Madina.” The comparative study of the terms “citizenship” and “citizen” allows for a more accurate comprehension of the relationships between individuals in civil life. In this study, a descriptive, analytic, and comparative investigation of the fundamental components of the concept of citizenship and its related dimensions in the thought of Farabi, Alasdair MacIntyre, and John Rawls has been undertaken. The findings of this study indicate that Rawls and McIntyre have profoundly different views on the framework of the concept of citizenship. However, in certain aspects, such as the priority of the public good over individual rights and interests, Farabi’s and McIntyre’s ideas are similar and closely related.
Comparative study of Islamic and non-Islamic thinkers
Maryam Mokhtari; Majid Jabbar
Abstract
There is a knowledge divide between macro and micro sociological theories. Some of these theories lend originality to macro structures like society, while others lend originality to individuals and micro concepts like behavior and action. For the connection between these two levels, concepts such as ...
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There is a knowledge divide between macro and micro sociological theories. Some of these theories lend originality to macro structures like society, while others lend originality to individuals and micro concepts like behavior and action. For the connection between these two levels, concepts such as self, which is one of the main concepts of the symbolic interactionism school and is also considered by Muslim social thinkers such as Hossein Nasr, can be beneficial. This research compares these two categories of theorists and examines whether Nasr is able to connect micro and macro levels using a distinct methodology. This study is qualitative and documentary, utilizing primary and secondary sources. According to the research findings, the ontology and epistemology of these two categories of theorists differ. Hossein Nasr believes that reality has an objective hierarchy (existence) that extends from the material level to the essence of truth (God) and mental (consciousness) which has multiple levels, including man’s natural understanding of himself, the external world, and finally absolute self-awareness. In addition, according to the research findings, it appears that Nasr was able to link micro and macro levels using a distinct strategy.
Comparative study of Islamic and non-Islamic thinkers
Ali Hosseinei; Ali Bagheri; Sareh Amineipour
Abstract
One of the serious debates of the 21st century about the start of wars by governments is whether they are just or unjust. As if from a theoretical point of view, it has been discussed among thinkers from the distant past and has continued until now. To understand the changes that have taken place in ...
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One of the serious debates of the 21st century about the start of wars by governments is whether they are just or unjust. As if from a theoretical point of view, it has been discussed among thinkers from the distant past and has continued until now. To understand the changes that have taken place in these ideas and also the difference between the Church Fathers and the Shiite jurists; The present study compares just war in the ideas of St. Augustine, Michael Walzer, and contemporary Shiite jurists. The present research is theoretical-applied in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of study method. The data collection method is based on two methods: library and questionnaire. For this purpose, the views of eleven jurists and the authority of imitation have been examined based on the questionnaire and their written works. The results showed that there are more commonalities between the views of Shiite jurists and the ideas of St. Augustine than Walzer's ideas about just war. At the same time, all three ideas were most similar in terms of the goals of a just war and the issue of helping oppressed nations, and most of all in terms of the terms of a just war and the reasons for its legitimacy. The findings also show that Augustine and Shiite jurists introduce the rulers and God as the decision-makers for a just war. Walzer emphasizes the role of public opinion, the people and the UN Security Council as decision-makers.The theory of just war is one of the most important theories of pacifism and the establishment of an ideal society in political philosophy, which was designed and developed by philosophical and jurisprudential thinkers.Just War, St. Augustine, Michael Walzer, Contemporary Shiite Jurists, Jihad
Comparative study of Islamic and non-Islamic thinkers
Seyed Morteza Sajjadi; Mojtaba Akhoondi; Vahid Anami
Abstract
The meaning of life is one of the biggest concerns of today's human being, which is necessitated by suffering, everyday life, emptiness, death, etc. Søren Kierkegaard, by drawing three areas in human life, considers choosing one of them as the first and most important choice of every person and ...
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The meaning of life is one of the biggest concerns of today's human being, which is necessitated by suffering, everyday life, emptiness, death, etc. Søren Kierkegaard, by drawing three areas in human life, considers choosing one of them as the first and most important choice of every person and believes that it is a leap from the areas of goodness and morality to the area of faith that can calm a person in the heart of sufferings and hardships and make his life give meaning In Søren Kierkegaard's view, man has a truth that this truth is his individuality, and the human person is always looking for meaning outside of himself. He considers any procrastination in life to be a loss of opportunity and he believes that a meaningful life is the passionate faith that commits a person to move to reach a certain goal. He draws three stages for man, in the light of those stages, man looks at life and measures his behavior and life in relation to that look and moves towards his goal. Allameh Tabatabai, with the help of Quranic verses, believes in two spheres, worldly and hereafter, and considers the choice of religion in the hereafter to give meaning to one's life. The result of this research is to know the areas of human life, such as "Worldly Hassani", "Worldly Morality", "Worldly Religion" and "Otherworldly Religion". The two fields of "otherworldly Hassani" and "otherworldly morality" are also defined under the "otherworldly religious" field. Another result of this research is the difference between "worldly religion" and "hereafter religion" that in "worldly religion" even though a person adheres to religious rituals, but because he performs rituals with worldly goals, this area puts him in a dead end. The world will suffer absurdity. This research has compared the meaning of life from the perspective of these two thinkers by collecting information in the form of a library of written documents and descriptive-analytical data processing method.
Comparative study of Islamic and non-Islamic thinkers
Rahmat alllah Mahmoodi; Abolfazl Salmani Gavari; gholamreza jamshidiha
Abstract
Ibn Khaldun and Hegel are considered as the founders of "philosophy of history" in the Islamic world and the West, so the subject of this research is a description in order to examine how two thinkers, from two different traditions, faced the concept of philosophy of history. In this research, with a ...
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Ibn Khaldun and Hegel are considered as the founders of "philosophy of history" in the Islamic world and the West, so the subject of this research is a description in order to examine how two thinkers, from two different traditions, faced the concept of philosophy of history. In this research, with a comparative method, we will first focus on the theoretical foundations of Ibn Khaldun's view in the book "Introduction", which provides a theoretical basis for thinking about the philosophy of history, and then we will explain how to enter Hegel's thought. Finally, how the philosophy of history is formed in his thought is discussed. From this point of view, trying to discover the essence of two sides of thought, apart from providing a path for two-sided dialogue, also enables comparison; an approach known as the phenomenological comparison method. The result of this comparison, taking into account the differences between the two thinkers, is common results in terms of history and the historical, political and social issues, a view that speaks of inevitable determinism and inevitable necessity in the movement of history.
