Document Type : Research Article / Original Article
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Abstract
During the Golden Age of Islamic civilization, a form of Islamic knowledge emerged as Muslims encountered Greek sciences. One of the crucial topics in the context of Western humanities and the Islamization of science today is revisiting this experience and understanding how Islamic knowledge came into being. In addressing the question "How is Islamic science possible?", referring to this historical background leads to a new approach. Islamic philosophy stands as one of the enduring and successful experiences of Muslims, continuing as a long-standing tradition to this day. Ibn Sina (Avicenna) can be considered a prominent philosophical figure of Islamic civilization during its golden centuries. Reviewing his philosophical system can demonstrate the evolution of Muslim understanding of Greek philosophy and their innovations within it. In Ibn Sina's philosophical system, we encounter new concepts and changes in the meaning of traditional concepts, indicating the emergence of a new paradigm. Key concepts in his wisdom system include: The efficient cause as the creative cause Essential contingency as the criterion for needing a cause The distinction between existence and essence in contingent beings These concepts are considered novel compared to Aristotelian philosophy. This article reviews some new concepts in the Avicennian wisdom system and demonstrates how Ibn Sina, with his understanding of Greek philosophy, attempted to establish a new philosophical system. This new system is rooted in religious beliefs, and the creation and modification of concepts would not have been possible without a religious perspective. In essence, Ibn Sina draws the subject matter of his philosophy from the Greek world. However, with his unique genius, he reinterprets Greek philosophy within the framework of religious teachings, giving it a religious form referred to as Islamic philosophy.
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