Empirical application of Muslim social knowledge
Asghar Molaei
Abstract
The subject of art, beauty and aesthetics has been of general and special interest since ancient times as one of the important aspects of human life and an important dimension of philosophy. The philosophical approach to aesthetics examines what is why, why, its roots, causes, and necessities, and analyzes ...
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The subject of art, beauty and aesthetics has been of general and special interest since ancient times as one of the important aspects of human life and an important dimension of philosophy. The philosophical approach to aesthetics examines what is why, why, its roots, causes, and necessities, and analyzes them. The purpose of this article is to explain the do's and don'ts of aesthetics in Islamic architecture from the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence and ethics. Aesthetics from the perspective of Islam can be analyzed from both jurisprudential and moral aspects. From the point of view of Islamic jurisprudence and rules, God, himself, other human beings and environmental creation should not be wasted in any legal action. This may be in various cases, such as the abuse of laws and regulations in the construction of buildings, non-payment of Sharia funds and the rights of the deprived, disregard for the place of worship and worship space in seemingly beautiful buildings, providing bed and sin space, harming others Chart people, neighbors and nature. From the moral point of view, human beings are forbidden from paying attention only to the appearance and beautification of the building and space and ignoring other dimensions such as humility, helping the needy, remembering the resurrection and God's pleasure, as well as exaggerating the beauty of the building Space for worldly affairs, in addition to the aforementioned effects and consequences, may lead to the envy and regret of others. Therefore, in the subject of aesthetics, the religion of Islam recommends human beings to benevolence and simple living, with the design of beauty, which has a meaning and content derived from goodness and goodness. In fact, in the subject of Islamic aesthetics, Islamic rules and ethics take precedence over beautiful appearance, and Jamil in the true sense, which is one of the attributes of God, relies on true beauties. True beauties are the same different levels that are beautiful nature, motherly love, freedom and self-sacrifice and devotion and honesty and beautiful divine beauty.
Hossein Kachooyan; Abdolhossein Kalantari
Abstract
The "rule-governed" or "law-governed" nature of the social sphere is a fundamental issue in sociology that has occupied the attention of many classical thinkers, including Weber, Durkheim, and Marx, as well as contemporary theorists such as Habermas, Giddens, and Bhaskar. The positions taken on this ...
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The "rule-governed" or "law-governed" nature of the social sphere is a fundamental issue in sociology that has occupied the attention of many classical thinkers, including Weber, Durkheim, and Marx, as well as contemporary theorists such as Habermas, Giddens, and Bhaskar. The positions taken on this dual subject have significant implications for social thought formulation and, consequently, social change. Accepting either of these options portrays the "what" (ontology) of social phenomena in a particular way. Furthermore, it influences sociological epistemology and methodology, as well as topics such as the degree of human agency and the possibilities for social change. Although this discussion has expanded in the existing social science literature through the reflections of German hermeneuticists and historicists, and more recently through the ideas of the later Wittgenstein, particularly Peter Winch's theories, it can also be traced in Iran through the philosophical reflections of Allameh Mohammad Hossein Tabatabai and compared with the existing literature in this field. This article examines some of Allameh Tabatabai's works on the nature of social phenomena. It also identifies Tabatabai's perspective and reasoning system regarding rule-governance and law-governance in the social sphere within the horizon of new sociological debates. The research method used is library study and intra-textual analysis. Tabatabai considers "social matters" as part of "conventionals" and, on this basis, views the social sphere as rule-governed, directing social sciences towards "reason-seeking." However, he does not reduce all subjects and issues of social sciences and sociology to "rule-seeking." He believes that conventionals are rooted in "realities" on one hand, and thus social sciences can examine the real foundations in the formation of social conventionals through a "causal-seeking" method. On the other hand, these conventionals have real effects through a causal mechanism, which can again be causally examined with the help of social sciences. Based on this, Tabatabai presents a simultaneously rule-governed and law-governed image of social sciences, which has also been formulated in the views of some contemporary thinkers.
