Rereading and interpreting the ideas of leading Muslim thinkers
Ahmad Jahani Nasab
Abstract
This article aims to analyze Utopia from Avicenna and Ibn Khaldun’s socio ـ political point of view based on Spriggans’ model. Therefore, the research question is: How did Avicenna and Ibn Khaldun think about the idea of Utopia and what ideal solution did they propose to get rid of its crises? ...
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This article aims to analyze Utopia from Avicenna and Ibn Khaldun’s socio ـ political point of view based on Spriggans’ model. Therefore, the research question is: How did Avicenna and Ibn Khaldun think about the idea of Utopia and what ideal solution did they propose to get rid of its crises? Using the descriptive ـ analytical method, as well as library resources, the researcher found out that in an effort to create a link between politics and prophecy, Avicenna considered the crisis to be a lack of centralized national power, which in turn led to a lack of prophetic policy and proper implementation of sharia laws. Proposing the Utopia, he considered a prophetic political law as the best system, in which the prophet or his successor is at the forefront. His Utopia includes reconciliation of religion and philosophy, linking politics with sharia, and maintaining the unity of the Muslim community through the philosopher ـ prophet concentrated power. In fact, proposing of Utopia from the socio ـ political perspective was based on the divine nature of man and the maximum role of government in the felicity and salvation of citizens in this world and hereafter. However, in Ibn Khaldun’s point of view, formation and expansion of powerful and vast governments are related to origin of religious principles and the role of religion in the lifespan of the states. He considers the state a fluid and declining phenomenon that, like humans, has a natural lifespan from its emergence to its decadence. Given that, in addition to tribal solidarity (Asabiyyah), religious solidarity can strengthen governments.
Ahmad Jahani Nasab
Abstract
Social solidarity, as the most important part of a society, has a special and important place and in addition to its intrinsic functions in the management and regulation of social affairs, its existence is necessary to maintain and stabilize the socio-political system. Therefore, the present article ...
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Social solidarity, as the most important part of a society, has a special and important place and in addition to its intrinsic functions in the management and regulation of social affairs, its existence is necessary to maintain and stabilize the socio-political system. Therefore, the present article intends to study and recognize its shaping factors in the views and ideas of Ibn Khaldun as a Muslim social philosopher and Emile Durkheim, theorist of social solidarity. Therefore, an attempt has been made to study the research issue in the framework of functionalism approach using descriptive-analytical and documentary method. With the hypothesis that "Asabiyyah" in Ibn Khaldun's thought and "interactions between individuals in the form of division of social work" in Durkheim's thought, is the main factor of social solidarity. Also, the starting point of each of these two thinkers is the degree of interaction and interaction of members in social relations, which in terms of the formation and continuity of the political and social system, the distance (rotation) of Ibn Khaldun's theory and Durkheim's theory are linear. It becomes. Ibn Khaldun's reputation as the most important social thinker in the Islamic world owes more than anything to the concept of Asabiyyah and its place in social change, which includes the five stages from birth to decline. Hence, it seems that Ibn Khaldun's social theory in terms of social transformation and its effect on the formation and continuity of the political system is of the type of rotational and conflict theory and Durkheim's social theory is also a monolithic and evolutionary theory. Although Emile Durkheim is known as a theorist of social solidarity, but thinkers such as Montesquieu, Saint Simon, Comte, Rousseau and even Ibn Khaldun in the Islamic world can be named who have focused on social harmony and cohesion.
