Comparative study of Islamic and non-Islamic thinkers
Elahe Marandi; Zahrasadat Hejazi
Abstract
The endeavor to ascertain the cause and origin of sovereignty is among the issues that have engaged political philosophers. Mohammad Hossein Tabataba’i and Thomas Hobbes offer similar interpretations of humanity and social life, and the origin of sovereignty is derived from their theories. In this ...
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The endeavor to ascertain the cause and origin of sovereignty is among the issues that have engaged political philosophers. Mohammad Hossein Tabataba’i and Thomas Hobbes offer similar interpretations of humanity and social life, and the origin of sovereignty is derived from their theories. In this research, employing an exploratory-descriptive methodology, the question of "What is the origin of sovereignty from the perspectives of Mohammad Hossein Tabataba’i and Hobbes?" has been investigated. The research findings indicate that Hobbes, emphasizing the natural and equal rights of humans, seeks to formulate a theory concerning right, power, and the connection between right and power. He locates the origin in the social contract and the necessity of absolute security. The Hobbesian human is one devoid of social bonds, dominated by instinctive and irrational forces, existing in a savage state (state of nature) from which there is no escape except through a conditional social contract in favor of a third party (the Sovereign), entailing the surrender of all rights and authorities. From Tabataba’i’s perspective, humans are inevitably bound to social life, which is founded upon a practical contract—namely, the contract of mutual employment and social justice. In his view, early humans were under the influence of natural forces, and the dominion of these natural forces encompassed even reason. However, through social progression, reason attains perfection, is reinforced by revelation and prophethood, and comes to govern the natural forces. The findings reveal that the fundamental difference in the anthropology and legal philosophy of these two thinkers leads to two distinct analyses of politics and government. The results of this research can contribute to the development of a comparative understanding of Islamic and Western political philosophy.
elahe marandi
Abstract
Studying the role and position of the people in the political and social structure of society is one of the key issues in the social theories of Muslim thinkers. This position is related to the theory of Velayat-e Faqih in the social theory of Imam Khomeini. The issue of "representation" has a special ...
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Studying the role and position of the people in the political and social structure of society is one of the key issues in the social theories of Muslim thinkers. This position is related to the theory of Velayat-e Faqih in the social theory of Imam Khomeini. The issue of "representation" has a special place in the theory of Velyat-e Faqīh, which is the most important social theory among Shiite Fagihs (Islamic jourists), especially in the contemporary era. Whether a Fagih is a representative of God or of people is the topic of controversy among thinkers and Fagihs. Each theorist considers a different role for people based on the origin of authority and legitimacy of Velyat-e Fagih. Given the findings of this study, it can be stated that, according to theory of appointment, the all-inclusive Fagih has been appointed by the Innocent Imam to the position and has divine legitimacy and the role of people in this theory is accepted due to its functionality. Whereas, in the theory of election, the legitimacy of a Fagih derives from people and his jurisdiction is determined by society.
Rereading and interpreting the ideas of leading Muslim thinkers
Firouz Aslani; Elahe Marandi
Abstract
Power of the Muslim Brotherhood after Egypt’s revolution of 2011 and effective role in the approval of the constitution in 2012 ,led to be considered the idea of an Islamic state by the various media and academic circles . This issue has necessitated need for research on this topic with a focus ...
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Power of the Muslim Brotherhood after Egypt’s revolution of 2011 and effective role in the approval of the constitution in 2012 ,led to be considered the idea of an Islamic state by the various media and academic circles . This issue has necessitated need for research on this topic with a focus on the question: what is the Idea of an Islamic state in the Muslim Brotherhood's political thought? And What has developments since the start of the movement so far? According to this study it can be stated, with respect to the ideological development of the Brotherhood had during his life, with changes in the concept of state , Muslim thought about How to implement Sharia law has been transformed. Hence with highlighting the role of democratic principles in concept of an Islamic state, the Muslim Brotherhood shifted toward greater acceptance of the current structures for regulating the application of sharia and also shifted toward greater acceptance of the locus of legal authority lying in the state itself and in the Supreme Constitutional Court .
